Vitalik: Expect more improvements in binary field-based proof technology in the coming months
Vitalik Buterin, co-founder of Ethereum, has released a new blog post entitled "Binius: Efficient Proofs for Binary Fields". This article is mainly aimed at readers who are familiar with cryptography in the 2019 era, especially SNARKs and STARKs. Over the past two years, STARKs have become a critical and irreplaceable technology that can efficiently provide easily verifiable encrypted proofs for very complex statements (such as proving that Ethereum blocks are valid). The way SNARK and STARK proofs compute programs is through arithmetic: transforming the statement of the program to be proven into mathematical equations involving polynomials. The effective solution of the equation corresponds to the effective execution of the program. Generally speaking, the working principle of zero-knowledge proof systems is to make statements about polynomials while representing statements about basic evaluations. How does Binius affect "SNARK-friendliness"? The basic summary is that if Binius is used, it is no longer necessary to care too much about whether the calculation is "arithmetically friendly": "conventional" hash values are no longer more efficient than traditional arithmetic hash values, and multiplication models are no longer more efficient than traditional arithmetic hash values. I expect that in the coming months, there will be more improvements in proof technology based on binary fields.
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